Omkareswar-Mandhata : History and Archaeology of a Parampara Town in the Narmada Valley

FOREWORD BY MAJ. GEN. (Retd.) L. K. GUPTA, CHAIRMAN, INDIAN NATIONAL TRUSTFOR ART AND CULTURAL HERITAGE (INTACH)
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
Physical features of OM and the distribution of monuments
CATALOGUE OF MONUMENTS
1. Godarpura
1.1. The Kapila ravine
1.1.1. Fortification walls
1.1.2. Temples
1.1.2.1. The Amaresvara temple complex
1.1.2.1.1. The Amaresvara temple
1.1.2.1.2. The Vrddhakalesvara temple
1.1.2.1.3. The Kunti temple
1.1.2.1.4. Subsidiary shrines
1.1.2.1.5. Hero stones
1.1.2.2. The Visvanatha temple
1.1.2.3. The Indresvara temple
1.1.2.4. The Candramaulesvara temple
1.1.2.5. The Kapilesvara temple
1.2. Brahmapuri
1.2.1. Fortification walls
1.2.2. Temples
1.2.2.1. The Brahmesvara temple
1.3. Visnupuri
1.3.1. Fortification walls
1.3.2. Temples
1.3.2.1. The Visnu temple
1.3.2.2. The Naga temple
2. Mandhata island
2.1. Birkhala hill
2.1.1. Temple remains
2.1.1.1. Temple B1
2.1.1.2. Structure B2
2.1.1.3. Platform B3
2.1.1.4. Lingas
2.2. Mandhata hill
2.2.1. Fortification walls
2.2.2. Gateways and staircases
2.2.2.1. The North or Candsuraj gate
2.2.2.2. The East or Bhimarjuni gate
2.2.2.3. The South gate
2.2.2.4. The West gate
2.2.2.5. The Outer North gate
2.2.2.6. The Inner or Hundi-kundi gate
2.2.2.7. Non-extant gateways
2.2.2.7.1. The South-west gate
2.2.2.7.2. The Outer East gate
2.2.3. Other structures in the course of the fortification walls
2.2.4. Inside Mandhata fort: settlement areas and temples
2.2.4.1. Area A
2.2.4.1.1. Temple A1
2.2.4.1.2. Structure A2
2.2.4.1.3. Temple A3
2.2.4.1.4. Temple A4
2.2.4.2. Area B
2.2.4.2.1. The Siddhanatha temple (B1)
2.2.4.2.2. Structure B2
2.2.4.2.3. Temple B3
2.2.4.3. Area C
2.2.4.3.1. Structure C1
2.2.4.3.2. Structure C2
2.2.4.3.3. Temple C3
2.2.4.3.4. Structure C4
2.2.4.3.5. Temple C5
2.2.4.4. Area D
2.2.4.5. Area E
2.2.4.5.1. Temple E1
2.2.4.5.2. Structure E2
2.2.4.6. Stray finds on Mandhata hill
2.3. Mucukund hill
2.3.1. The Gaurisomanatha plateau
2.3.1.1. Fortification walls
2.3.1.2. Gateways and staircases
2.3.1.2.1. The North-west gate
2.3.1.2.2. The North-east gate
2.3.1.2.3. The East gate
2.3.1.2.4. The South gate
2.3.1.2.5. The West gate
2.3.1.3. Settlement areas and temples
2.3.1.3.1. The Gaurisomanatha temple
2.3.1.3.2. Site No. 2 and its surroundings
2.3.1.3.3. Site No. 3 and its surroundings
2.3.1.3.4. Site No. 4 and its surroundings
2.3.1.3.5. Site No. 5 and its surroundings
2.3.1.3.6. The sculpture store
2.3.2. The ‘Outer fort’
2.3.2.1. Outer fort, eastern section
2.3.2.2. Outer fort, central section
2.3.2.3. Outer fort, western section
2.4. Monuments in the island’s periphery
2.4.1. The Kedaresvara temple
2.4.2. TheRnamuktesvara temple
2.4.3. The Ranighat area
2.4.3.1. The Dhavalimath
2.4.3.2. Further structures near the Dhavalimath
2.5. Sivpuri
2.5.1. Monuments in the Rajmahal-Omkaresvara temple area
2.5.1.1. The Kalikagupha
2.5.1.2. Between the Kalikagupha and the Omkaresvara temple
2.5.1.3. The Patalesvara temple
2.5.1.4. The Omkaresvara temple
2.5.1.5. The DvarkadhisRanchor temple
2.5.1.6. The ‘Old mahal’
2.5.1.7. The Rajmahal
2.5.1.8. Temple at the south wall of the Rajmahal
2.5.2. Monuments in the periphery of Sivpuri
2.5.2.1. The Siva temple
2.5.2.2. Shrine No. 1
2.5.2.3. Shrine No. 2
2.5.2.4. The Samadhi
2.5.2.5. The Hathikhana
3. Panthia
3.1. Relocated remains from Panthia village
3.1.1. The Caubis Avatar temple
3.1.2. The Sarasvati temple
3.1.3. Loose fragments in the compound
3.1.4. The Pasupatinatha and Siva temples
3.1.4.1. The Siva temple
3.1.4.2. The Pasupatinatha temple
3.1.5. The Ravannala
3.2. The Siddhvarkut Jain monastery
3.3. Further remains
3.4. Gayasila
3.4.1. The Gayasilamath
3.4.2. Temple ruin
3.4.3. The phamsanashrine
3.4.4. Loose sculptures
4. BeyondOmkaresvar–Mandhata
4.1. The Kuberabhandari temple
4.2. The Satmatra temple complex
A NOTE ON THE HISTORY OF OMKARESVAR-MANDHATA
State of Research
Archaeological Activities
Epigraphical Finds
Numismatics
Historical Data from Inscriptions and Coins
Further Sources on the Antiquity of Mandhata
The Concepts of Pancalingaand Dvadasajyotirlinga
CONCLUDING REMARKS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 – Historic photographs, impressions, drawings andpaintings pertaining to Omkaresvar-Mandhata
APPENDIX 2 – List of photographs from Omkaresvar-Mandhata heldby the American Institute of Indian Studies, Gurgaon
APPENDIX 3 – Residents and/or donees listed in inscriptions foundat Omkaresvar–Mandhata
APPENDIX 4a – Introductory verses enumerating the twelve jyotirlingasand their sites
APPENDIX 4b – Text of Satarudrasamhita 42.18-22 on Omkara
APPENDIX 4c – Synopsis of JS 46.42-61 and KS 18 on Omkara
APPENDIX 5 – A Note on the Descent of the ChauhanRaos of
Mandhata
GLOSSARY
ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
DRAWINGS
PLATES
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS